"Uyazi, ngokuqinisekileyo ngumzuzu weHaleluya," watsho u-Enger, osebenza kwi-Environmental Protection Agency kwi-Indoor Environmental division.Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-25, usebenze ekuphuculeni umgangatho womoya kwizikolo zaseMelika.
Kodwa zininzi iimfuno ezikhuphisanayo kuhlahlo lwabiwo mali lwesikolo olulinganiselweyo. Ukufumana izithili zesikolo ukuba zibeke phambili umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi akukhange kube lula kwixesha elidlulileyo. Uthe kudla ngokuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki ukwenza izikolo zigxile kule ngxaki - "xa zifumanisa ingxaki yokungunda, xa amazinga abo esifuba eluhlobo lokunyuka. ”
Emva koko kukho ubhubhani we-COVID-19 - usasazeke ngamasuntswana entsholongwane anokwakha kwaye aqhubeke emoyeni wangaphakathi, ngamanye amaxesha kangangeeyure.Isitshixo sokususa la masuntswana asulelayo: umoya omhle kunye nokuhluzwa.Ngokomzekelo, uphononongo lwezikolo zaseGeorgia ezidityanisiweyo zaphuculwa. amacebo okungenisa umoya ngokucoca i-HEPA kunciphise izehlo ze-COVID ngama-48%.
Ngequbuliso—ekugqibeleni—abantu abaninzi banikel’ ingqalelo kumgangatho womoya osendlwini ezikolweni, utsho uAnisa Heming, umalathisi weZiko leZikolo Eziluhlaza leBhunga leSakhiwo esiHlaza saseUnited States.
"Kubaluleke ngakumbi ebantwini ngoku," utshilo uHeming." I-COVID sisoyikiso sangoko esenza ukuba umgangatho womoya usebenze ngokukhawuleza."
Yiyo loo nto yena kunye nezinye iingcali zomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi besithi isicwangciso esitsha sokulungela i-COVID-19 yolawulo lwe-Biden linyathelo eliya kwicala elifanelekileyo: Iqaqambisa ngakumbi isidingo sokunceda izikolo ziphucule iinkqubo zazo zokungenisa umoya kwixesha elide, zisebenzisa imithombo evela e-US. UMthetho wesiCwangciso sokuHlangula.
UHeming uthe bekunzima kwixesha elidlulileyo ukwenza ityala lezempilo lokuphucula umgangatho womoya ezikolweni kuba iimpembelelo zempilo zidla ngokuba lixesha elide. amagumbi angena umoya, amazinga omkhuhlane, ukuhlaselwa sisifuba kunye nokungabikho esikolweni kuyehla, kwaye amanqaku okufunda kunye nezibalo zezibalo ziyenyuka.I-carbon dioxide engaphantsi iyakha egumbini, enceda abafundi bacinge ngokucacileyo.
“Onke amazwe ahlukahlukeneyo nabantu abakubudala obahlukahlukeneyo babhalwe kakuhle,” watsho uJoseph Allen, umalathisi weHarvard’s Healthy Buildings Programme."Sizibonile izibonelelo kubantwana abancinci, sibona izibonelelo kubafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo, sibona izibonelelo kubafundi beekholeji kunye neeNzuzo zabafundi besikolo esiphakathi - iqela ngalinye lobudala."
Ukuqonda ezi zibonelelo zexesha elide zokuphucula umoya kubalulekile, u-Allen uthe, "kuba utyalo-mali ngoku ayilotyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane kwi-COVID.Ukuba isikolo siyayenza, abanakulindela izibonelelo zeminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka kuphela.impilo ukongezelela ekunciphiseni ukwanda kwezifo ezosulelayo.”
Iingcali zithi olu tyalo-mali lufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo kuba uninzi lwezikolo zaseMelika aziphefumlelwanga kakuhle ukuze ziqale. Ngokwengxelo ye-Ofisi yokuThatha uXanduva kaRhulumente ka-2020, umndilili wesikolo sase-US singaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, kwaye uninzi luneenkqubo zeHVAC eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezifuna ukulungiswa. .Ezinye izikolo zindala kangangokuba azinazo nezixhobo zokuphefumla ngoomatshini.
“Andiqondi ukuba abantu abaninzi bayayiqonda into yokuba imigangatho yoyilo [elawula amazinga okungenisa umoya ezikolweni nakwezinye izakhiwo] mincinane.Abazange balungele impilo,” utshilo u-Allen.
UCarl Thurnau wazi kakuhle ukuba ulondolozo lwesikolo lunokuba lubi kangakanani na. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iisilingi zegumbi lokufundela ziye zawa kwisikolo esikwiSithili seSikolo seSixeko saseNew Rochelle eNew York. I-106 yezigidi zeerandi zokulungiswa ngokutsha kwesakhiwo - inkqubo ebixhaswe ngemali kwaye iyaqhubeka xa i-COVID ibetha.
Ukuba nemali ekhoyo "yinto esivumela ukuba sibe linyathelo elinye phambili - ngokoluvo lwam, ukuhlala phambili," utshilo uThurnau.Kodwa "akukho mathandabuzo okuba imimandla enemithombo yemali encinci iyasokola ukufumana inkxaso-mali yokulungisa eminye yale miba."
Ukusukela ngeentsuku zokuqala zobhubhane, nangaphambi kokuba amaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo avume ukuba intsholongwane inokuba ngumoya, umoya wokuphefumla kunye neengcali zokwakha eziluhlaza bezinika izikolo isikhokelo malunga nendlela yokuphucula umgangatho womoya ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-COVID. , uAllen uthe, isincomo sibilisa kwizinto ezintathu: ukwandisa umthamo womoya wangaphandle kumagumbi okufundela;usebenzisa izihluzi ezisebenza ngakumbi ze-MERV kwiinkqubo zeHVAC;kunye nokuzalisekisa la manyathelo ngezicoci zomoya eziphathwayo ezinezihluzo ze-HEPA.
Kodwa emva kweminyaka emibini, akukacaci ukuba zingaphi izikolo ezenze olo tshintsho. Nangona ezinye iingxelo zibonisa imingeni ejamelene nezikolo, olu lwazi alulandelelwa kwinqanaba lomdibaniso. Ukuphucula ukungena komoya, abanye abaninzi abakhange bathathe amanyathelo asisiseko, amanyathelo okuphelisa umsantsa,” utshilo u-Allen.
Izikolo zikwazile ukusebenzisa inkxaso-mali yomdibaniso wokuphucula umoya wokuphefumla ukusukela ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba ka-2020, kwaye uMthetho weNkqubo yokuHlangula yaseMelika, owapasiswa ngoMatshi ka-2021, ubonelela izikolo ngenkxaso-mali engaphezulu-i-122 yeebhiliyoni zeedola - ngenkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo, utshilo uHeming.Ukwenzela oku kunye nezinye iinjongo ezinxulumene nobhubhane.
Kutheni ke ngoko izikolo ezininzi zicotha ukwenza umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi? Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, iZiko leZikolo eziHlaza likhuphe uphando kwizithili zesikolo ezingaphezu kwama-47 zabafundi abazizigidi ezi-2.5 kumazwe angama-24. Uninzi lwabo luthe lungathanda ukutyala imali kulo. Izisombululo zexesha elide ezisekelwe ekubuyiseleni okanye ekutshintsheni iinkqubo zabo zeHVAC.
Kodwa ngezakhiwo ezininzi zesikolo ezidala neziphelelwe lixesha, uHeming uthe, "ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zisetyenziswe zizikolo zifuna ukuba zihlaziye kancinane."
Olu hlobo lomsebenzi luthatha iinyanga ukucwangcisa kunye nekhontrakthi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezo zicwangciso zigqityezelwa ngoku, utshilo. Uphando lwakutsha nje lufumanise ukuba izithili ezininzi zezikolo zixhalabile ukuba aziyi kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nomhla wokugqibela ogunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni ngoSeptemba 2024. , ngakumbi ngenxa yemicimbi yokubonelela kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.
Amanyathelo afanelekileyo afana nokuvula iifestile okanye ukusebenzisa izicoci zomoya eziphathwayo ziyawuphucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, kodwa zivumela izikolo ukuba zenze umsebenzi wazo kuphela, utshilo uHeming. Umzekelo, xa kuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, akuyonto inokwenzeka ukuvula iifestile, utshilo, kwaye ngaphakathi. iindawo ezifumileyo, zinokufunxa ngakumbi ukufuma kwaye zikhuthaze ukukhula komngundo.
Ngelixa izithili ezininzi zezikolo zenze utyalo-mali kwizicoci zomoya eziphathwayo ezizimeleyo, ziza nentloko yazo: Iiyunithi zinokuba yingxolo ephazamisayo kwaye zifuna ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha, utshilo uHeming.
Lilonke, izithili zesikolo eziye zakhawuleza ukuthatha inyathelo lokuphucula ukungena komoya kunye nokucoca ukuphendula ubhubhane zezo sele zinemali yokuphucula amaziko azo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ziye zavavanya izakhiwo zazo, utshilo.Yazi ukuba zeziphi ezifuna umsebenzi.
Kodwa kukho imiqondiso ekhuthazayo yokuba izikolo ezininzi zinokuzifumana kungekudala. Uhlalutyo olukhutshwe ngoFebruwari ngu-FutureEd, itanki yokucinga yeYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, yafumanisa ukuba izithili zesikolo sele zinezicwangciso zokuchitha malunga ne-4.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuhlaziyo lwe-HVAC, umkhwa onokufikelela phantse. I-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuba umzila uyaqhubeka.Olunye uhlalutyo lwe-FutureEd lufumene ukuba iindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo eziphezulu zinokuthi zicwangcise ukusebenzisa imali ye-federal ukuphucula iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziguga.
UTracy Enger we-EPA uthe umdla kwimigaqo ye-arhente yomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi ezikolweni unyukile kunyaka ophelileyo. watsho.
UHeming uthe wayenethemba, kodwa umdla wakhe wawuthotyiwe. Uye waphawula ukuba i-122 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkxaso-mali yeNkqubo yoNcedo yase-US ebekelwe izikolo kufuneka igubungele uluhlu lweemfuno ezinxulumene nobhubhane - ukusuka ekuqeshweni kwabasebenzi abaninzi ukuya kwiinkqubo zesikolo zasehlotyeni - hayi nje ukuphuculwa kokungena komoya. .
Nokuba yonke ipeni yokugqibela yenkqubo yokuhlangula yase-US yezikolo ichithwa kumaziko, "kusekho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi koko kunye nento efunekayo ngokwenene," utshilo uHeming. Ingxelo ka-2021 yafumanisa ukuba nyaka ngamnye, izithili zichitha i-85 yezigidigidi zeedola ngaphantsi kwento efunekayo. ezifunekayo ukugcina izikolo zikwimeko entle.
Bhalisela ukufumana uhlaziyo lweveki malunga namabali e-MindShift rhoqo ngeCawe.Uya kufumana noluhlu olugciniweyo lwesiqulatho kwimithombo ethembekileyo ngootitshala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2022